25 Jul 2025

Is the LORD a sun and shield? LXX: perhaps not

Not long ago I was reading a book that quoted Psalm 84:11: "For the LORD God is a sun and shield." I have observed in the past that the Greek Septuagint translation (LXX) of the Old Testament tends to avoid rock metaphors for God, substituting another word such as strength. For example, Psalm 95:1 runs as follows in the RSV: "let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation," while the New English Translation of the LXX (NET) has it as such: "let us make a joyful noise to God our savior!" Might the LXX do something similar with a sun metaphor for God? After all, ancient peoples around the world, from Egyptians to Aztecs, worshipped the sun as a god. Might the LXX translators have exhibited a skittishness about inadvertently identifying the God who has created and redeemed us with the sun?

The answer to this appears to be yes, they do. Psalm 84:11(12) runs as such in the NET: "For the Lord God loves mercy and truth." This for the Greek: "ότι έλεον και αλήθειαν αγαπά κυριος ο θεός." Coverdale's BCP Psalter also avoids the sun metaphor, but is otherwise closer to the Hebrew: "For the Lord God is a light and defence." Of course, Coverdale translated the Psalter from Luther's German Bible and from the Latin Vulgate. The Vulgate follows the LXX here: "quia misericordiam et veritatem diligit Deus," which reads as follows in English: "For God loves mercy and truth." However, the 1945 revised Latin Psalter returns to the Hebrew: "Nam sol et clipeus est Dominus Deus," or "For sun and shield is the Lord God."

Are there other creational metaphors for God that the LXX avoids? In future I will try to be alert to these as I read through the scriptures.

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